GED Reasoning Through Language ArtsLanguage Conventions and UsageMedium
A student is writing an essay about literary analysis and needs to correctly integrate a quotation. Which sentence correctly punctuates the quotation?
- ASmith writes that "The novel explores themes of identity and belonging" (25).
- BSmith states, "The novel explores themes of identity and belonging" (25).
- CAccording to Smith, "The novel explores themes of identity and belonging" (25).
- DSmith claims "The novel explores themes of identity and belonging" (25).
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Smith states, "The novel explores themes of identity and belonging" (25).
When introducing a quotation with a reporting verb (like 'states', 'says', 'writes') followed by a comma, the comma should precede the opening quotation mark. The parenthetical citation then follows the closing quotation mark but before the final punctuation of the sentence. Option B follows this rule precisely.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. When 'that' is used to introduce a quotation, no comma is needed directly before the quotation marks, as 'that' functions to integrate the quote grammatically.
- C. The comma should directly precede the opening quotation mark after 'According to Smith'.
- D. A comma is needed before the opening quotation mark after 'claims' when introducing a direct quote.
Punctuation with Quotations
When integrating direct quotations into a sentence, use a comma to introduce the quote if a reporting verb precedes it. Place the period after the parenthetical citation.
- Comma before quote if introduced by reporting verb (e.g., 'He said, "..."')
- No comma if 'that' introduces the quote (e.g., 'He said that "..."')
- Period goes AFTER the parenthetical citation
- Question marks/exclamation points go INSIDE quotes if part of the original, OUTSIDE if part of your sentence
- Block quotes (4+ lines) do not use quotation marks and are indented
Memory trick: Quotes are like guests; introduce them properly and know where the period goes.