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A student is writing an informative paragraph about the history of the internet. They have written the following sentence: "The internet, which was originally developed by the U.S. military, has since become a global communication network." The student wants to combine this information with another sentence: "It allows billions of users worldwide to share information and connect." Which of the following combines these sentences most effectively and grammatically?

  1. AHaving been originally developed by the U.S. military, the internet has since become a global communication network, and it allows billions of users worldwide to share information and connect.
  2. BThe internet, which was originally developed by the U.S. military, and it has since become a global communication network, allowing billions of users worldwide to share information and connect.
  3. CThe internet was originally developed by the U.S. military; it has since become a global communication network, allowing billions of users worldwide to share information and connect.
  4. DOriginally developed by the U.S. military, the internet has since become a global communication network, allowing billions of users worldwide to share information and connect.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D. Originally developed by the U.S. military, the internet has since become a global communication network, allowing billions of users worldwide to share information and connect.

Option B uses a participial phrase ('Originally developed by the U.S. military') to efficiently combine the initial information, then flows directly into the main clause and a subsequent participial phrase ('allowing billions...') to describe its current function, creating a concise and grammatically sound sentence.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. This option is grammatically correct but slightly more wordy than option B due to the 'and it allows' construction, which could be more smoothly integrated.
  • B. This option creates a run-on sentence by using 'and it' to connect the clauses without proper punctuation or structure.
  • C. This option uses a semicolon, which is grammatically correct for connecting two independent clauses, but it doesn't achieve the same level of conciseness or flow as option B.

Sentence Combining

Sentence combining is a writing technique that involves joining two or more short sentences or clauses into a single, longer, more complex, and more sophisticated sentence to improve flow, conciseness, and clarity.

  • Uses conjunctions (and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor).
  • Uses conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore, moreover).
  • Uses relative pronouns (who, which, that) to create dependent clauses.
  • Uses participial phrases (-ing, -ed) or appositives to add descriptive details.
  • Aims to reduce redundancy and improve sentence variety.

Memory trick: Connect, condense, clarify: make your sentences fly!

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