NIC Esthetician Written ExamSafety and Infection ControlMedium
Which of the following is the highest level of decontamination, destroying all microbial life including bacterial spores?
- ADisinfection
- BSanitation
- CSterilization
- DAntisepsis
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Sterilization
Sterilization is the highest level of decontamination, a process that completely destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial spores. This level is typically required for tools that penetrate the skin.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Disinfection kills most microorganisms but not necessarily bacterial spores.
- B. Sanitation is the lowest level, primarily reducing the number of microbes to a safe level.
- D. Antisepsis reduces microbes on living tissue, not inanimate objects, and does not destroy all spores.
Sterilization
The complete destruction of all microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their spores, typically achieved through heat, chemicals, or radiation.
- Highest level of decontamination.
- Required for tools that penetrate skin or contact blood.
- Common methods include autoclaving (moist heat) or dry heat.
Memory trick: Sanitize, Disinfect, Sterilize – Clean Levels Rise!