NASAA Series 65, Uniform Investment Adviser Law ExaminationClient Investment Recommendations and StrategiesMedium

A client has a portfolio primarily composed of U.S. large-cap equities. To reduce overall portfolio risk and enhance diversification, the investment adviser recommends adding an asset class that historically has a low correlation with domestic stocks. Which of the following asset classes would be most suitable for this purpose?

  1. ADomestic real estate investment trusts (REITs).
  2. BDeveloped international equities.
  3. CAdditional U.S. large-cap growth stocks.
  4. DSmall-cap U.S. value stocks.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B. Developed international equities.

To reduce overall portfolio risk and enhance diversification for a client with a primary holding in U.S. large-cap equities, adding an asset class with a low correlation is key. Developed international equities often exhibit lower correlation with domestic stocks compared to other domestic equity styles, providing effective diversification benefits.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Domestic REITs, while offering some diversification benefits as a distinct asset class, still have a significant correlation with the broader U.S. equity market, especially during economic downturns.
  • C. Adding more U.S. large-cap growth stocks would increase concentration in an already dominant asset class, not enhance diversification.
  • D. While small-cap U.S. value stocks offer diversification within the U.S. equity market, their correlation with U.S. large-cap equities is generally higher than that of international equities.

Correlation in Portfolios

A statistical measure that indicates the degree to which two assets move in relation to each other. Low or negative correlation helps reduce overall portfolio risk.

  • Ranges from -1 (perfect negative) to +1 (perfect positive).
  • Lower correlation enhances diversification.
  • Assets with low correlation tend to move independently.
  • Goal is to combine assets that don't all move in the same direction.

Memory trick: Don't put all your eggs in one basket; spread them for safety.

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