GMAT Focus EditionVerbal ReasoningMedium

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug to treat a rare disease. Initial trials showed that 70% of patients who received the drug experienced a significant reduction in symptoms, compared to 30% of patients who received a placebo. The company plans to market the drug as highly effective. Which of the following, if true, would be most important for the company to consider before making its marketing claims?

  1. AA significant portion of the trial participants also received other treatments concurrently.
  2. BThe cost of manufacturing the new drug is significantly higher than existing treatments for other diseases.
  3. CThe long-term side effects of the drug are still unknown, as the trial only lasted six months.
  4. DThe trial only involved patients with mild forms of the disease, not those with severe cases.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C. The long-term side effects of the drug are still unknown, as the trial only lasted six months.

The company plans to market the drug as 'highly effective' based on short-term symptom reduction. Before making such claims, it is crucial to understand the full safety profile, especially long-term. Unknown long-term side effects could severely undermine the drug's overall benefit and lead to significant patient harm or legal issues.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. This introduces a confounding variable, making it hard to attribute the symptom reduction solely to the drug. This is important, but the lack of long-term safety data is arguably more critical for a marketing claim of 'highly effective' for a new drug.
  • B. While cost is important for business, it doesn't directly impact the *effectiveness* or safety claim for marketing.
  • D. This is important for defining the scope of effectiveness, but unknown long-term side effects are a more fundamental concern for a 'highly effective' claim, as they could negate any short-term benefits.

Critical Information for Claims

When evaluating claims, especially in areas like health or product efficacy, it's crucial to consider all relevant data, including potential negative impacts, long-term effects, and the scope of applicability, to ensure accuracy and avoid misleading consumers.

  • Safety data is paramount for health claims.
  • Long-term effects can alter efficacy perception.
  • Scope of efficacy (who it works for) is vital.

Memory trick: Valid claims weigh benefits against risks, scope, and duration.

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