GMAT Focus EditionVerbal ReasoningEasy
A city council is debating whether to fund a new initiative to convert all streetlights to energy-efficient LED bulbs. Proponents argue that the initiative will significantly reduce the city's energy costs and carbon footprint, making it a fiscally and environmentally responsible decision. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the city council's decision to fund the initiative?
- AThe city's electricity grid is already operating at near maximum capacity, especially during peak hours.
- BA neighboring city that adopted LED streetlights experienced a slight increase in light pollution complaints.
- CThe initial cost of purchasing and installing LED bulbs is significantly higher than that of traditional bulbs.
- DThe current incandescent streetlights require frequent, costly maintenance due to their short lifespan.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. The current incandescent streetlights require frequent, costly maintenance due to their short lifespan.
The core argument for the initiative is fiscal and environmental responsibility, primarily through reduced energy costs. Option A introduces another significant financial benefit (reduced maintenance costs) that further strengthens the fiscal argument for switching to LEDs, making the decision even more fiscally responsible.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. While relevant to energy demand, this doesn't directly support the *switch to LEDs* as a solution for *energy costs and carbon footprint* compared to other ways to manage grid capacity.
- B. An increase in light pollution is a potential negative consequence, which would weaken, not strengthen, the decision.
- C. Higher initial costs would weaken the fiscal argument, as it suggests a longer payback period or greater financial burden upfront.
Strengthening an Argument
Introducing new information that makes the original argument's conclusion more likely to be true or its premises more credible.
- Adds a new piece of evidence.
- Reinforces the causal link or benefits claimed.
- Can address potential weaknesses or introduce additional advantages.
Memory trick: Find the extra fuel that makes the rocket fly higher.