GMAT Focus EditionVerbal ReasoningEasy
A local bookstore owner observes that sales of classic literature have significantly increased since a new art gallery opened next door. The owner concludes that the presence of the art gallery encourages people to purchase classic literature. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the bookstore owner's conclusion?
- AA popular local book club recently started focusing exclusively on classic literature, meeting weekly at a cafe near the bookstore.
- BThe art gallery primarily exhibits modern and abstract art, which is not directly related to classic literature.
- CSales of other genres, such as contemporary fiction and thrillers, have remained constant at the bookstore.
- DThe art gallery attracts a demographic that generally has a higher disposable income than the average local resident.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. A popular local book club recently started focusing exclusively on classic literature, meeting weekly at a cafe near the bookstore.
The bookstore owner observes a correlation and assumes causation. Option B provides a strong alternative cause for the increase in classic literature sales, directly challenging the idea that the art gallery is the primary driver.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. While the art is unrelated, it doesn't rule out a general 'cultural' uplift from the gallery's presence without providing a stronger alternative cause.
- C. This suggests the effect is specific to classic literature, which could support the owner's conclusion if no other cause was present.
- D. Higher disposable income could indirectly support the owner's conclusion, as these individuals might be more inclined to purchase books.
Alternative Cause
An explanation for an observed effect that is different from the one proposed, thereby weakening the original causal claim.
- Provides a competing reason for an outcome.
- Directly challenges the assumed cause-and-effect relationship.
- Often involves identifying a confounding variable.
Memory trick: Always look for the 'other guy' who might be responsible.