Digital SATReading and Writing: Craft and StructureMedium

A scientist is writing a research paper describing a newly discovered biological process. The paper includes a diagram illustrating the sequential steps of the process, labeled 1 through 5. The accompanying text explains each step in detail, using transition words like 'initially,' 'subsequently,' and 'finally.' What is the primary purpose of this text structure?

  1. ATo describe the chronological order of events in the process.
  2. BTo compare and contrast different biological processes.
  3. CTo persuade the reader of the process's innovative nature.
  4. DTo analyze the causes and effects of the biological reactions.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A. To describe the chronological order of events in the process.

The description mentions a diagram with 'sequential steps labeled 1 through 5' and text using 'initially,' 'subsequently,' and 'finally.' These are all strong indicators of a chronological or sequential structure, designed to explain events in the order they occur.

Why the other options are wrong

  • B. There's no indication of comparing or contrasting different processes; the focus is on a single new process.
  • C. While the process might be innovative, the structure described (sequential steps, chronological transitions) aims to explain, not primarily persuade.
  • D. While there might be cause-and-effect relationships within the process, the emphasis on 'sequential steps' and chronological markers points to a primary purpose of describing the order, not just cause-effect analysis.

Text Structure: Sequence/Chronological

A text structure that presents events or steps in the order in which they happened or should happen.

  • Uses time-order words (first, next, then, finally).
  • Often found in historical accounts, instructions, or scientific processes.
  • Helps readers understand a series of events over time.

Memory trick: Organization helps readers follow the plot.

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