Passage: "The 'Dunning-Kruger effect' is a cognitive bias in which people with low ability at a task overestimate their own ability, while those with high ability tend to underestimate theirs. This phenomenon arises because low-skilled individuals lack the metacognitive ability to recognize their own incompetence; they cannot accurately assess their performance precisely because they lack the knowledge or skill to do so. Conversely, highly skilled individuals mistakenly assume that tasks easy for them are also easy for others, leading them to underestimate their relative expertise. The effect has significant implications for self-assessment, education, and professional development, highlighting the challenge of accurate self-perception." According to the passage, a direct consequence of low-skilled individuals' lack of metacognitive ability is that they:

1. AAre unable to learn new skills effectively.
2. BTend to overestimate their competence.
3. CAre less motivated to improve their performance.
4. DOften underestimate the abilities of others.