Passage: "The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in working memory. It is generally categorized into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is the inherent difficulty of the task itself, determined by the complexity of the information and the interactivity of its elements. Extraneous load is generated by poorly designed instruction or irrelevant information, adding unnecessary mental burden. Germane load, by contrast, is the mental effort put into constructing schemas and integrating new information with existing knowledge, thus contributing to learning. Educational designers aim to manage intrinsic load, minimize extraneous load, and optimize germane load to facilitate effective learning. Overloading working memory with excessive intrinsic or extraneous demands can hinder the formation of lasting knowledge." Which of the following scenarios would most likely result from an excessive 'extraneous load' according to the passage?

1. AAn expert efficiently connecting new information to their vast prior knowledge.
2. BA student struggling to understand complex mathematical equations.
3. CA person easily recalling information they learned years ago.
4. DA learner being distracted by irrelevant animations in an online course.