Passage: "The concept of 'universal basic income' (UBI), a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all citizens, has gained renewed attention as a potential solution to poverty and job displacement due to automation. Proponents argue UBI could reduce administrative burdens of welfare programs, provide economic security, and foster entrepreneurial activity. Critics, however, raise concerns about its fiscal sustainability, potential disincentives to work, and inflationary pressures. While pilot programs have shown mixed results, the debate continues, highlighting the complex interplay between economic theory, social policy, and human behavior." Both proponents and critics of UBI, as described in the passage, would most likely agree that UBI:
- AHas been definitively proven effective in pilot programs.
- BRepresents a significant shift in traditional social welfare models.
- CWill inevitably lead to widespread unemployment and inflation.
- DIs a simple and straightforward solution to economic inequality.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Represents a significant shift in traditional social welfare models.
Both sides discuss UBI in the context of existing welfare programs and its potential impact on the economy and society, implying it's a major change from the status quo. Proponents see it as a solution for 'job displacement' and a way to 'reduce administrative burdens of welfare programs,' while critics raise concerns about its impact on 'fiscal sustainability' and 'disincentives to work,' all of which point to a significant policy shift.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The passage states 'pilot programs have shown mixed results,' directly contradicting this option.
- C. This is a concern raised by critics, not an agreed-upon outcome by both sides. Proponents would disagree.
- D. The passage describes complex arguments from both sides and 'mixed results' from pilot programs, suggesting it's not simple or straightforward.
Identifying Agreement
To identify agreement between different viewpoints, find a statement or underlying assumption that both sides implicitly or explicitly share.
- Look for common ground in stated positions.
- Infer shared assumptions or frameworks.
- Distinguish common ground from specific arguments.
Memory trick: Agreement is the 'Shared Target' both sides aim at, even with different arrows.