Passage A: "The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised profound ethical questions, particularly concerning bias in algorithms. Since AI systems learn from data, if that data reflects existing societal biases, the AI will perpetuate and even amplify them, leading to unfair outcomes in areas like hiring, lending, and criminal justice. Addressing this requires not only careful data curation but also the development of 'explainable AI' (XAI) to understand how decisions are made." Passage B: "While concerns about algorithmic bias are valid, focusing solely on the data input overlooks the inherent limitations of human oversight in complex AI systems. Even with 'explainable AI,' the sheer volume of variables and the emergent properties of neural networks make it challenging for humans to fully grasp every decision-making pathway. A more productive approach might involve designing AI systems with built-in ethical constraints and robust auditing mechanisms, rather than relying on retrospective human interpretation." Both passages discuss which of the following aspects of artificial intelligence?

1. AThe historical evolution of AI algorithms.
2. BThe potential for AI to automate all human decision-making.
3. CThe technical specifications of neural network architecture.
4. DThe challenges associated with ethical AI development.