LSAT (Law School Admission Test)Reading ComprehensionHard

Passage: "The 'Lamarckian inheritance' theory, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, suggested that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. For example, a giraffe stretching its neck to reach high leaves would, over generations, produce offspring with longer necks. This theory, however, was largely discredited by the rise of Mendelian genetics and the discovery of DNA, which established that inherited traits are encoded in genes and are not typically influenced by an individual's somatic experiences. While some epigenetic phenomena, where environmental factors can influence gene expression across generations without altering the underlying DNA sequence, bear a superficial resemblance to Lamarckism, they fundamentally differ in mechanism and scope. True Lamarckian inheritance, as originally conceived, remains outside the accepted framework of modern biology." The author's discussion of epigenetic phenomena primarily serves to:

  1. AArgue for a complete re-evaluation of Lamarck's original work.
  2. BSuggest that Lamarckian inheritance may be partially true.
  3. CIntroduce a modern theory that completely validates Lamarck's ideas.
  4. DProvide a nuanced distinction between a discredited theory and related modern concepts.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D. Provide a nuanced distinction between a discredited theory and related modern concepts.

The author introduces epigenetics not to validate Lamarckism, but to clarify that while there's a 'superficial resemblance,' epigenetics 'fundamentally differ in mechanism and scope' and that 'True Lamarckian inheritance... remains outside the accepted framework.' This serves to make a nuanced distinction, preventing confusion between the old, discredited theory and modern, distinct biological phenomena.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. The passage concludes that 'True Lamarckian inheritance... remains outside the accepted framework,' so advocating for a complete re-evaluation is not the purpose of discussing epigenetics.
  • B. The passage explicitly states that epigenetics 'fundamentally differ' from Lamarckism and that 'True Lamarckian inheritance... remains outside the accepted framework,' discrediting partial truth.
  • C. The passage explicitly states epigenetics 'fundamentally differ' from Lamarck's ideas, indicating it does not completely validate them.

Author's Purpose (Specific Detail)

Understanding why the author included a particular detail, phrase, or example within the broader context of the passage.

  • Requires understanding the role of a specific element.
  • Connects the detail to the main idea or argument.
  • Often involves analyzing rhetorical function (e.g., to illustrate, to qualify, to refute).

Memory trick: Find the gear's purpose in the machine.

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