FAA Airline Transport Pilot (ATM)Human Factors and CRMMedium

While planning a night IFR flight into mountainous terrain, a captain reviews the Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures categories of a personal risk assessment. He notes that the company's on-time performance bonus is tempting him to depart despite marginal weather. Which category of the checklist does this concern fall under?

  1. AAircraft
  2. BenVironment
  3. CExternal Pressures
  4. DPilot
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C. External Pressures

External Pressures in the PAVE checklist covers non-flight-related factors such as schedules, passenger expectations, or financial incentives that can push a pilot toward unsafe decisions. This is distinct from weather (enVironment) or aircraft/pilot readiness.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Aircraft refers to the airworthiness and equipment of the airplane, not scheduling pressure.
  • B. enVironment covers weather, terrain, and airport conditions, not financial incentives.
  • D. Pilot refers to the pilot's own health, currency, and experience, not company incentives.

PAVE Checklist

A risk-assessment framework used during flight planning to evaluate four categories of risk before departure.

  • P = Pilot
  • A = Aircraft
  • V = enVironment
  • E = External Pressures

Memory trick: PAVE the way before you fly.

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