FAA Sport Pilot Airplane (SPA)Human Factors and ADMEasy
A pilot descends from cruise altitude with a mild head cold and notices sharp pain in one ear along with a feeling of fullness. What is the most appropriate immediate action?
- AContinue the descent rapidly to get below the affected altitude quickly
- BPerform a Valsalva maneuver and slow or stop the descent if pain persists
- CIncrease cabin heat to relieve the pressure
- DHyperventilate briefly to equalize pressure in the sinuses
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Perform a Valsalva maneuver and slow or stop the descent if pain persists
A head cold can block the eustachian tube, preventing pressure equalization during descent and causing ear pain (barotitis). The pilot should attempt a Valsalva maneuver (gently pinching the nose and blowing) to open the tube, and if pain continues, level off or climb slightly to relieve pressure before descending more gradually.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Descending faster increases the pressure differential and worsens the pain, risking eardrum damage.
- C. Cabin heat has no effect on eustachian tube blockage or pressure equalization.
- D. Hyperventilation addresses carbon dioxide levels, not middle ear pressure, and can cause additional impairment.
Middle Ear/Sinus Block (Barotitis/Barosinusitis)
Pain and pressure caused by inability to equalize pressure between the middle ear or sinuses and the outside atmosphere, often due to congestion from a cold or allergy.
- Colds and allergies block the eustachian tube and sinus openings
- Valsalva maneuver (pinch nose, blow gently) helps equalize pressure
- Pilots should avoid flying with significant congestion, especially before descent
Memory trick: Stuffy nose, blocked tube — pinch and blow before you descend anew.