FAA Sport Pilot Airplane (SPA)Human Factors and ADMHard
Using the 3P model for aeronautical decision-making, after identifying that deteriorating weather is a hazard on a planned route, the pilot evaluates its impact on safety and considers alternative courses of action. Which step of the 3P model does this represent?
- AProcess
- BPerform
- CPlan
- DPerceive
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Process
The 3P model consists of Perceive, Process, and Perform; evaluating a hazard's impact and weighing alternatives corresponds to the Process step, which follows identifying (Perceiving) the hazard.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Perform involves implementing the chosen decision, which comes after Process.
- C. Plan is not one of the three official steps in the 3P model.
- D. Perceive is the initial step of identifying hazards, already completed in the scenario.
3P Model of ADM
An FAA risk-management model consisting of three steps—Perceive, Process, Perform—used to systematically manage in-flight hazards.
- Perceive: identify hazards affecting a flight
- Process: evaluate impact using tools like PAVE and determine action
- Perform: implement, monitor, and adjust the decision as needed
Memory trick: Perceive it, Process it, Perform it.