FAA Sport Pilot Airplane (SPA)Human Factors and ADMHard

During a turn in flight, a pilot's inner ear continues to sense a bank after the aircraft has actually returned to level flight, causing the pilot to feel an unwarranted urge to bank further. This vestibular illusion is known as:

  1. ASomatogravic illusion
  2. BThe leans
  3. CCoriolis illusion
  4. DGraveyard spiral
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B. The leans

The leans occur when a pilot fails to perceive a bank or its correction due to a slow, gradual entry, causing a false sensation that the aircraft is still turning when it is actually level, prompting an incorrect corrective bank.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Somatogravic illusion is caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration, not banking.
  • C. Coriolis illusion results from rapid head movement during a turn, causing a sensation of rotation about a different axis.
  • D. Graveyard spiral involves a prolonged turn perceived as level flight, often leading to a descending spiral.

The Leans

A spatial disorientation illusion where a pilot senses being in a bank when the aircraft is actually level, or vice versa, due to a slow return to level flight.

  • Most common vestibular illusion in flight
  • Caused by insufficient stimulation of inner ear during a gradual bank correction
  • Corrected by trusting flight instruments over bodily sensations

Memory trick: Leans, Coriolis, Graveyard, Somatogravic — trust your gauges, not your gut.

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