NCLEX-RNSafety and Infection Prevention and ControlMedium
A client is admitted to the emergency department with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which type of isolation precautions should the nurse anticipate initiating for this client?
- AContact precautions.
- BDroplet precautions.
- CAirborne precautions.
- DStandard precautions only.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Airborne precautions.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles (aerosols) that can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods. Therefore, airborne precautions, which include a private room with negative air pressure and N95 respirators for healthcare personnel, are required.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Contact precautions are for direct or indirect contact transmission, not airborne.
- B. Droplet precautions are for larger respiratory droplets that travel short distances, not airborne particles.
- D. Standard precautions are always used, but additional precautions are needed for suspected TB.
Airborne Precautions
Infection control measures used for diseases transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei, which are small particles that can remain suspended in the air and travel long distances.
- Requires a private room with negative air pressure (Airborne Infection Isolation Room - AIIR).
- Healthcare personnel must wear an N95 or higher-level respirator.
- Client should wear a surgical mask if transported outside the room.
Memory trick: AIR, DROP, CONTACT – Know the SPREAD to PROTECT!