An instrument pilot is flying an RNAV (GPS) approach with LNAV minimums. The approach chart indicates a 'VDP' (Visual Descent Point) at 0.5 NM from the runway threshold. If the pilot is at the MDA and does not have the runway environment in sight at the VDP, what is the appropriate action?
- AExecute a circling approach if the weather minimums allow.
- BProceed directly to the holding fix depicted on the approach chart.
- CInitiate a climb to the missed approach altitude immediately.
- DContinue the approach to the missed approach point (MAP) at the MDA, then execute the missed approach.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. Continue the approach to the missed approach point (MAP) at the MDA, then execute the missed approach.
The VDP (Visual Descent Point) is a defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight-in approach procedure from which a normal descent from the MDA to the runway touchdown point may be commenced, provided the runway environment is clearly visible to the pilot. If the runway environment is not in sight at the VDP, the pilot is not required to execute a missed approach immediately. The pilot must continue the approach at or above the MDA until reaching the missed approach point (MAP). Only at the MAP, if the required visual references are still not in sight, should the missed approach procedure be executed.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A circling approach is an option if the runway environment is in sight and conditions allow, but if not, the primary focus is reaching the MAP or executing the missed approach.
- B. Proceeding directly to a holding fix is incorrect; the missed approach procedure must be followed if visual references are not acquired by the MAP.
- C. Initiating a missed approach at the VDP is premature if the MAP is further down the course.
Visual Descent Point (VDP) Action
If the runway environment is not in sight at the Visual Descent Point (VDP) on a non-precision approach, the pilot must continue the approach at or above the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) until reaching the Missed Approach Point (MAP).
- VDP is for visual descent initiation, not a mandatory missed approach point.
- If no visual at VDP, continue at MDA to MAP.
- Missed approach is executed at MAP if visual references are still not acquired.
Memory trick: VDP is a Viewpoint, not a Verdict Point.