CSLB C-46 Solar ContractorPlanning and EstimatingMedium
A C-46 contractor is performing a site analysis for a ground-mounted PV system. The client wants to maximize energy production throughout the year. The site is located in California at approximately 34 degrees North latitude. What would be the MOST appropriate tilt angle for the PV array?
- A25 degrees
- B45 degrees
- C34 degrees
- D15 degrees
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. 34 degrees
For maximizing annual energy production in a fixed-tilt ground-mounted system, the optimal tilt angle is generally equal to the site's latitude. In this case, 34 degrees North latitude suggests a 34-degree tilt.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. 25 degrees is closer but still less than optimal for annual production at 34 degrees latitude.
- B. 45 degrees would be too steep for optimal annual production at 34 degrees latitude, favoring winter production but significantly reducing summer output.
- D. 15 degrees is typically too shallow for optimal annual production at 34 degrees latitude, favoring summer production but losing significant winter production.
Optimal PV Tilt Angle (Fixed Array)
For a fixed-tilt PV array, the optimal tilt angle for maximizing annual energy production is generally equal to the site's latitude, as this balances seasonal solar exposure.
- Tilt angle = Latitude for annual optimization.
- Steeper angles (Latitude + 15°) favor winter production.
- Shallower angles (Latitude - 15°) favor summer production.
- Consideration for snow shedding may influence tilt in some climates.
Memory trick: Latitude's Light Leverages Long-term Luster.