ATI TEAS (Test of Essential Academic Skills) Version 7ReadingHard
A public health announcement states: 'Recent studies indicate a strong correlation between regular consumption of ultra-processed foods and an increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These foods, often high in sugar, unhealthy fats, and artificial additives, contribute to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. We urge the public to prioritize whole, unprocessed foods for better long-term health.' Which of the following is the most logical conclusion that can be drawn from this announcement?
- AOnly individuals with existing chronic diseases should avoid ultra-processed foods.
- BReducing ultra-processed food intake can lower the risk of certain chronic diseases.
- CUltra-processed foods directly cause all cases of type 2 diabetes.
- DEliminating all processed foods will cure chronic diseases.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Reducing ultra-processed food intake can lower the risk of certain chronic diseases.
The announcement states a 'strong correlation' and 'increased risk,' not a direct causation for 'all cases' or a 'cure.' It 'urges the public' to prioritize whole foods, implying a general recommendation for better 'long-term health,' not just for those with existing diseases. Therefore, reducing intake to lower risk is the most logical and cautious conclusion.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The announcement 'urges the public,' not just those with existing diseases, to prioritize whole foods for 'long-term health,' indicating a preventative measure for everyone.
- C. The announcement states 'correlation' and 'increased risk,' not direct causation for all cases.
- D. The announcement mentions 'increased risk' and 'correlation,' not a cure.
Drawing Logical Conclusions from Correlational Data
Inferring the most reasonable outcome or implication from information that describes associations or increased risks, without assuming direct causation or universal effects.
- Correlation does not equal causation.
- Look for 'risk,' 'association,' 'link,' 'tendency.'
- Avoid absolute statements (e.g., 'all,' 'cure,' 'only').
Memory trick: Read carefully, don't over-infer; stick to what's implied, not just said.