ATI TEAS (Test of Essential Academic Skills) Version 7ReadingHard
A patient asks a nurse, 'Why is it important to wash my hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds?' The nurse explains, 'Washing for 20 seconds physically removes transient microorganisms through friction and the emulsifying action of soap, which breaks down the fatty membranes of many pathogens, allowing them to be rinsed away.' Which of the following is the most significant implication of the nurse's explanation?
- ASoap alone is sufficient to kill all microorganisms on the hands.
- BHand sanitizers are ineffective against all pathogens.
- COnly visible dirt needs to be removed from the hands.
- DThe duration of handwashing is critical for physical and chemical removal of germs.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. The duration of handwashing is critical for physical and chemical removal of germs.
The nurse's explanation emphasizes both the '20 seconds' (duration/friction) and the 'emulsifying action of soap' (chemical breakdown). This directly highlights that the length of washing combined with the soap's action are critical for effectively removing and inactivating germs, not just killing them or removing visible dirt.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The explanation states soap 'breaks down' membranes, allowing them to be 'rinsed away,' indicating removal, not necessarily killing all, and highlights the combined action with friction and water.
- B. The explanation focuses on soap and water, not a comparison to hand sanitizers.
- C. The explanation refers to 'microorganisms' and 'pathogens,' implying removal of invisible germs, not just visible dirt.
Rationale for Handwashing Duration
The recommended 20-second handwashing duration ensures sufficient time for the mechanical action of friction and the chemical action of soap to effectively dislodge, emulsify, and rinse away transient microorganisms.
- Friction physically removes germs.
- Soap emulsifies fats, breaking down pathogen membranes.
- Time ensures thorough coverage and action.
Memory trick: Time and soap combine to clean, making hands germ-free and keen.