ATI TEAS (Test of Essential Academic Skills) Version 7ReadingHard
A researcher is reviewing a study on the effectiveness of a new vaccine. The study abstract concludes: "Overall, the vaccine demonstrated a 95% efficacy rate against symptomatic infection in a Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial (N=30,000 participants). Mild injection site reactions were reported in 15% of vaccine recipients, compared to 5% in the placebo group. No serious adverse events were directly attributable to the vaccine. These findings support the vaccine's potential for widespread public health implementation, pending regulatory approval." Based on this abstract, which statement is the most reasonable inference regarding the vaccine's safety profile?
- AThe vaccine is associated with a higher rate of mild injection site reactions than placebo.
- BThe vaccine has no side effects.
- CThe vaccine causes serious adverse events in a small percentage of recipients.
- DThe vaccine is unsafe for widespread public health implementation.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. The vaccine is associated with a higher rate of mild injection site reactions than placebo.
The abstract explicitly states 'Mild injection site reactions were reported in 15% of vaccine recipients, compared to 5% in the placebo group,' which directly supports the inference that the vaccine has a higher rate of these mild reactions.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. The abstract mentions 'Mild injection site reactions,' which are side effects, so this statement is incorrect.
- C. The abstract states 'No serious adverse events were directly attributable to the vaccine,' directly contradicting this option.
- D. The abstract concludes that findings 'support the vaccine's potential for widespread public health implementation,' which contradicts the idea that it is unsafe for this purpose.
Drawing Inferences from Data
Making logical conclusions or interpretations based on given facts, evidence, and statistics, even if not explicitly stated.
- Requires careful analysis of quantitative and qualitative data.
- Distinguish from direct statements or assumptions.
- Must be supported by the provided text.
Memory trick: Safety Stats: Read the Numbers, Not the Hype!