Texas Cosmetology Operator Written ExamSkin Care ServicesMedium
A client with Fitzpatrick Skin Type IV is requesting a chemical exfoliation treatment. The cosmetologist must select an appropriate peel that minimizes the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Which of the following options would be the safest choice for this client?
- AA Jessner's peel with multiple layers
- BA deep phenol peel
- CA high-concentration trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel
- DA low-concentration lactic acid peel
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. A low-concentration lactic acid peel
Fitzpatrick Skin Type IV has a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) with aggressive treatments. A low-concentration lactic acid peel is a superficial, gentler exfoliant that provides hydration and minimizes PIH risk compared to stronger, deeper peels.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Jessner's peels, especially with multiple layers, can be too aggressive and increase the risk of PIH in Fitzpatrick Type IV skin.
- B. Deep phenol peels are very aggressive and are absolutely contraindicated for Fitzpatrick Skin Types IV-VI due to extreme PIH risk and potential scarring.
- C. High-concentration TCA peels are medium-depth peels that carry a significant risk of PIH for darker skin types.
Chemical Peel for Fitzpatrick Type IV
Selecting superficial, gentler chemical exfoliants, such as low-concentration lactic acid, for Fitzpatrick Skin Type IV to minimize the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Fitzpatrick IV has moderate to high risk of PIH
- Avoid aggressive, deep peels
- Prioritize superficial peels and hydration
Memory trick: For Type IV, Lactate Gently to avoid the color stain.