NHA Certified Clinical Medical Assistant (CCMA)Foundational Knowledge and Basic ScienceMedium
During a routine check-up, a medical assistant observes that a patient appears withdrawn, expresses feelings of hopelessness, and reports significant changes in sleep patterns and appetite over the past few months. Which of the following psychological conditions is the patient most likely experiencing?
- AGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
- BMajor Depressive Disorder
- CBipolar Disorder
- DObsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. Major Depressive Disorder
The symptoms described—withdrawal, hopelessness, and changes in sleep and appetite—are classic indicators of Major Depressive Disorder. While other conditions might share some symptoms, this constellation is most characteristic of depression.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Generalized Anxiety Disorder primarily involves excessive, uncontrollable worry, not necessarily hopelessness and withdrawal as primary symptoms.
- C. Bipolar Disorder involves alternating episodes of depression and mania/hypomania, which is not indicated by the consistent depressive symptoms described.
- D. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder involves recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), which are not described here.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, and a range of physical and cognitive symptoms.
- Symptoms must last at least two weeks.
- Includes changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration.
- Often accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and thoughts of death/suicide.
Memory trick: Anxious, Blue, or Obsessed, but don't forget Bipolar's best.