LSAT (Law School Admission Test)Logical ReasoningEasy
A city planner argues: 'To alleviate traffic congestion, we must either expand our existing road network or significantly invest in public transportation.'
- AThe city's current public transportation system is underutilized.
- BMany residents prefer driving their own cars over using public transportation.
- CExpanding the road network would be extremely costly and disruptive.
- DImplementing staggered work hours could reduce peak traffic volume.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. Implementing staggered work hours could reduce peak traffic volume.
The city planner presents a false dichotomy by suggesting only two options exist to solve traffic congestion. Option B introduces a third, viable alternative (staggered work hours) that is not included in the planner's 'either/or' statement, thus exposing the flaw.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. This might suggest public transport is not a good solution, but doesn't offer a *third* solution to congestion.
- B. This explains why one of the planner's suggested solutions might be unpopular, but doesn't offer a new solution to traffic congestion.
- C. This points out a drawback of one option but doesn't present an alternative solution to the problem.
False Dichotomy
A logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when, in reality, there are more choices or perspectives.
- Also known as 'either/or' fallacy or 'false dilemma'.
- Limits the scope of choices unfairly.
- Often used to force a choice between two extremes.
Memory trick: Don't fall for the flawed calls!