NIC Esthetician Written ExamTreatment ProceduresHard
A client with Fitzpatrick skin type IV presents with concerns about post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) from previous acne breakouts. She is interested in a treatment that can help lighten these dark spots. Which ingredient is commonly used in professional products to address PIH?
- AHydroquinone
- BSalicylic Acid
- CTitanium Dioxide
- DHyaluronic Acid
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is a potent skin-lightening agent commonly used in professional settings to treat hyperpigmentation, including PIH, by inhibiting melanin production. Its use requires careful monitoring, especially on darker skin types.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid used for exfoliation and acne treatment, but less effective for lightening established PIH.
- C. Titanium dioxide is a physical sunscreen ingredient, used for UV protection, not for lightening PIH.
- D. Hyaluronic acid is a humectant for hydration, not a lightening agent for PIH.
Hyperpigmentation Treatment Ingredients
Active ingredients used in skincare to reduce the appearance of dark spots and uneven skin tone by inhibiting melanin production, exfoliating, or protecting from UV radiation.
- Hydroquinone is a powerful melanin inhibitor.
- Alpha arbutin, kojic acid, and azelaic acid are other lightening agents.
- Vitamin C is an antioxidant that brightens and inhibits melanin.
- Retinoids promote cell turnover to shed pigmented cells.
Memory trick: Hydro-Light for Dark Spots.