FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)WeatherEasy

A pilot flying in IMC encounters clouds containing large supercooled water droplets at an OAT of -8°C. Which type of structural icing is most likely to form on the airframe?

  1. ARime ice
  2. BFrost
  3. CClear ice
  4. DHoarfrost
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C. Clear ice

Large supercooled droplets spread out over the surface before freezing completely, producing a smooth, dense, transparent layer known as clear ice. Rime ice forms from small droplets that freeze instantly, trapping air and creating a rough, milky appearance, which is more typical of stratiform clouds with smaller droplet sizes.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Rime ice forms from small droplets that freeze quickly, not large ones.
  • B. Frost forms on the ground or parked aircraft, not from in-flight droplet impingement.
  • D. Hoarfrost is a ground-based deposition process, not an in-flight icing type.

Clear Ice Formation

Clear ice forms when large supercooled water droplets strike an airframe and spread before freezing, creating a smooth, dense, and hard-to-remove ice layer.

  • Associated with large droplet size, typical of cumuliform clouds
  • Occurs commonly between 0°C and -10°C
  • Most hazardous type due to weight and difficulty shedding

Memory trick: Clear ice is 'Clean and Smooth' from big drops that spread before freezing.

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