FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)Instructional TechniquesHard
A CFII is briefing a student before a cross-country instrument training flight and reminds the student to consider fatigue level, recency of experience, weather along the route, and the pressure to arrive on time for a family event. This briefing directly applies which risk-management framework?
- A5 P's model
- BDECIDE model
- CIMSAFE checklist
- DPAVE checklist
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. PAVE checklist
The PAVE checklist organizes risk factors into Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures. Fatigue and recency fall under Pilot, weather falls under enVironment, and the pressure to arrive on time is an External pressure — covering three of the four PAVE categories in this scenario, making it the best match over the other listed models.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The 5 P's model (Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, Programming) is a different risk framework not matching this specific combination as precisely.
- B. DECIDE is a six-step decision-making process, not a risk-factor categorization checklist.
- C. IMSAFE is a personal fitness checklist (Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion) and doesn't include weather or external pressures as categories.
PAVE Checklist
A risk-management framework categorizing flight risk factors into Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures.
- Pilot = fitness, recency, currency
- Aircraft = airworthiness, equipment, performance
- enVironment = weather, terrain, airspace, airports
- External pressures = get-there-itis, schedules, passengers
Memory trick: PAVE the way: Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures