FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)Instructional TechniquesHard
A CFII teaches an instrument student to first Perceive relevant cues about the flight environment, then Process that information by evaluating alternatives and their risks, and finally Perform the best course of action, continuously repeating the cycle throughout the flight. This risk management framework is known as:
- AThe DECIDE model
- BThe 3P model (Perceive, Process, Perform)
- CThe PAVE checklist
- DThe 5P checklist
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. The 3P model (Perceive, Process, Perform)
The 3P model of aeronautical decision making—Perceive, Process, Perform—is a continuous cycle pilots use to identify hazards, evaluate their impact, and take appropriate action throughout a flight.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. DECIDE is a six-step decision model (Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate), different terminology.
- C. PAVE is a risk-category checklist (Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures), not a cyclical process.
- D. 5P (Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, Programming) is a hazard-identification checklist, not a cyclical decision process.
3P Model (ADM)
A continuous risk management cycle where the pilot Perceives hazards, Processes their impact using tools like PAVE/CARE/TEAM, and Performs the best option.
- Perceive: identify hazards
- Process: evaluate impact using risk tools
- Perform: implement best course of action
- Repeats continuously throughout flight
Memory trick: 'See it, Think it, Do it'—Perceive, Process, Perform.