FAA Instrument Flight Instructor (FII)WeatherHard
An air traffic controller receives a PIREP stating, 'Occupants are thrown violently against their seat belts, and loose objects in the cabin are tossed about.' Which turbulence intensity should be recorded based on this report?
- AModerate turbulence
- BExtreme turbulence
- CLight turbulence
- DSevere turbulence
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. Severe turbulence
Severe turbulence is defined by large, abrupt changes in altitude/attitude with large variations in indicated airspeed, and occupants are forced violently against seat belts with loose objects tossed about—matching the report exactly. Extreme turbulence, by contrast, makes the aircraft nearly impossible to control and can cause structural damage, which is not indicated here.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Moderate turbulence causes noticeable strain against seat belts, but not violent throwing described here.
- B. Extreme turbulence involves aircraft being violently tossed and practically impossible to control, beyond what's described.
- C. Light turbulence causes only slight, erratic changes and does not toss occupants or objects.
Turbulence Intensity (PIREP)
Turbulence is reported in PIREPs using standardized intensity categories (light, moderate, severe, extreme) based on aircraft reaction and occupant/object behavior.
- Severe: violent forcing against seat belts, objects tossed about
- Extreme: aircraft tossed violently, practically uncontrollable
- Moderate: definite strain against seat belts, loose objects dislodged
Memory trick: Severe throws you hard; Extreme makes you lose control.