NCLEX-PN® ExaminationPhysiological AdaptationEasy
A client presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of severe, sharp pain in the left flank radiating to the groin, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and hematuria. The nurse anticipates which of the following initial diagnostic tests?
- AElectrocardiogram (ECG)
- BColonoscopy
- CUrinalysis and renal ultrasound
- DMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the abdomen
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Urinalysis and renal ultrasound
The client's symptoms are highly indicative of urolithiasis (kidney stones). A urinalysis will detect hematuria and signs of infection, while a renal ultrasound can identify the presence, size, and location of stones, as well as any hydronephrosis.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. An ECG assesses cardiac function and is not a primary diagnostic for suspected kidney stones, though it might be done if chest pain is a differential.
- B. A colonoscopy is an invasive procedure used to examine the large intestine and is not indicated for symptoms of kidney stones.
- D. MRI is not typically the initial diagnostic for suspected kidney stones due to cost and availability, and it may not be as effective as ultrasound for stone detection.
Urolithiasis Initial Diagnostics
Initial diagnostic tests for suspected kidney stones typically include urinalysis to check for blood and infection, and renal ultrasound to visualize stones and assess for obstruction.
- Urinalysis detects hematuria and signs of infection.
- Renal ultrasound visualizes stones and hydronephrosis.
- CT scan is more definitive but often follows initial tests.
Memory trick: Kidney Stone K.O.: Know Organ, Observe Output