New York Real Estate Salesperson ExaminationContractsMedium

A real estate broker is drafting a purchase agreement. The broker includes a clause stating that if the buyer defaults, the seller is entitled to retain the buyer's earnest money deposit as full compensation for damages. What is this clause commonly known as?

  1. AIndemnification clause
  2. BAcceleration clause
  3. CLiquidated damages clause
  4. DSubordination clause
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C. Liquidated damages clause

A liquidated damages clause specifies the amount of money that the breaching party must pay to the non-breaching party as compensation for a breach of contract. In real estate, earnest money is often designated as liquidated damages if the buyer defaults.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. An indemnification clause protects one party from liability caused by the other party.
  • B. An acceleration clause allows a lender to demand full payment of a loan immediately upon a specific event.
  • D. A subordination clause changes the priority of a lien.

Liquidated Damages Clause

A contractual provision that pre-determines a specific amount of money to be paid as damages in the event of a breach.

  • Must be a reasonable forecast of actual damages.
  • Prevents need to prove actual damages in court.
  • Common in earnest money agreements.

Memory trick: Liquidated damages are like a pre-set 'ouch' fund for a broken promise.

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