Automobile & Light Truck Certification Test A5 BrakesDisc Brake Diagnosis and RepairMedium

A customer complains of a 'clunking' noise from the front end when applying the brakes, especially when backing up and then moving forward, or vice-versa. The brake pads and rotors were recently replaced. What is the MOST likely cause?

  1. AWorn wheel bearings.
  2. BImproperly installed brake pad shims or clips.
  3. CA faulty ABS wheel speed sensor.
  4. DInsufficient lubrication of caliper guide pins.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B. Improperly installed brake pad shims or clips.

A 'clunking' noise during direction changes under braking often indicates that the brake pads are shifting within the caliper bracket. This is typically caused by missing, incorrectly installed, or damaged shims, anti-rattle clips, or pad abutment clips that are designed to hold the pads snugly in place.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Worn wheel bearings typically cause a growling or humming noise, not a clunk during direction change braking.
  • C. A faulty ABS sensor would affect ABS operation, potentially causing a warning light or erratic braking, but not a mechanical clunking sound.
  • D. Insufficient guide pin lubrication would cause drag or uneven wear, not a clunking noise related to direction changes.

Brake Pad Shifting Noise

A mechanical noise (e.g., clunk, click) occurring when brake pads move excessively within the caliper or bracket.

  • Often heard during direction changes (forward to reverse).
  • Caused by missing or incorrect anti-rattle hardware.
  • Can also be due to worn caliper bracket abutments.

Memory trick: Listen closely, the parts speak loudly.

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