MCAT® ExamPsychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of BehaviorMedium

A cognitive psychologist is studying how individuals perceive the completeness of shapes. Participants are shown a series of incomplete figures, such as a circle with a small gap or a square with one corner missing. Most participants report seeing the full, complete shapes despite the missing segments. This phenomenon is best explained by which Gestalt principle of perception?

  1. ASimilarity
  2. BClosure
  3. CContinuity
  4. DProximity
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B. Closure

The Gestalt principle of closure states that the human eye/brain tends to perceive incomplete figures as complete. Our minds fill in the missing information to create a whole, recognizable object.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Similarity suggests that similar objects tend to be grouped together.
  • C. Continuity suggests that elements arranged on a line or curve are perceived as more related than elements not on the line or curve.
  • D. Proximity suggests that objects near each other tend to be grouped together.

Gestalt Principle of Closure

A perceptual principle stating that humans tend to perceive incomplete shapes or figures as complete by filling in the missing information.

  • Our minds prefer whole, recognizable objects
  • Allows us to make sense of fragmented stimuli
  • One of the fundamental Gestalt laws of perceptual organization

Memory trick: P-S-C-C-F-S: Proximity, Similarity, Closure, Continuity, Figure-Ground, Symmetry.

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