GED Social Studies TestCivics and GovernmentMedium
A political science student is analyzing the historical development of the U.S. government. They note that during certain periods, the national government has expanded its influence into areas traditionally managed by states, often through conditional grants-in-aid. This trend is most closely associated with which concept of federalism?
- ADual Federalism
- BConfederalism
- CCooperative Federalism
- DNew Federalism
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Cooperative Federalism
Cooperative federalism is characterized by increased federal involvement in state affairs, often using financial incentives (grants-in-aid) to encourage states to adopt national policies. This contrasts with dual federalism's distinct spheres of power.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Dual federalism, or 'layer cake' federalism, implies distinct and separate spheres of authority for federal and state governments, which is contrary to the scenario.
- B. Confederalism is a system where states hold most of the power and the central government is weak, which is not applicable to the U.S. system described.
- D. New Federalism is a trend of returning more power and responsibility to the states, which is the opposite of the scenario presented.
Cooperative Federalism
A concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments work together to solve common problems, often with federal funding and guidelines.
- Also known as 'marble cake' federalism
- Characterized by shared responsibilities and intertwined functions
- Often involves federal grants-in-aid to states
Memory trick: Federalism is like a cake, changing its layers over time.