GED Social Studies TestCivics and GovernmentHard
During a period of national emergency, the President issues an executive order directing federal agencies to implement a new policy without explicit congressional approval. While controversial, supporters argue that the President has the inherent authority to act decisively in crises to protect national security. This situation highlights the President's use of powers that are not explicitly defined in the Constitution but are considered necessary to fulfill the duties of the office. These are best described as:
- AImplied powers
- BConcurrent powers
- CReserved powers
- DExpressed powers
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Implied powers
The scenario describes the President acting under powers not explicitly written in the Constitution ('not explicitly defined') but inferred as necessary to carry out the enumerated duties of the office, especially in a crisis. This aligns with the definition of implied powers.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Concurrent powers are shared by both federal and state governments, not specific to presidential authority.
- C. Reserved powers belong to the states or the people (Tenth Amendment), not the President.
- D. Expressed (or enumerated) powers are explicitly stated in the Constitution (e.g., commander-in-chief).
Implied Powers
Powers of the U.S. government that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are inferred as necessary and proper to carry out the powers expressly delegated to the federal government.
- Derived from the 'Necessary and Proper' Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18).
- Often used by Congress, but also applicable to Executive actions.
- Allows government to adapt to changing circumstances.
- Examples: creating a national bank, regulating air travel.
Memory trick: Implied powers are inferred, not explicitly listed.