GED Social Studies TestCivics and GovernmentHard
A state government decides to fund a new highway construction project using a combination of state taxes and federal grants. This illustrates which aspect of the U.S. federal system?
- ADual federalism
- BDevolution
- CCooperative federalism
- DUnfunded mandates
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism describes a system where federal and state governments work together to solve common problems and implement policies, often involving federal funding for state-run programs like highway construction. This contrasts with dual federalism where responsibilities are strictly separated.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Dual federalism views federal and state governments as distinct entities with separate spheres of authority, like a 'layer cake'.
- B. Devolution is the transfer of power from a central government to a lower level of government, often from federal to state, but the scenario describes collaboration, not just transfer.
- D. Unfunded mandates occur when the federal government requires states to perform certain actions without providing funding.
Cooperative Federalism
A concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments work together to solve common problems, often with federal funding supporting state-implemented programs.
- Characterized by shared responsibilities and blurred lines of authority
- Often involves federal grants-in-aid to states
- Sometimes referred to as 'marble cake' federalism
Memory trick: C.F. = 'Cooperate' and 'Fund'.