ISC2 Certified in Cybersecurity (CC)Security PrinciplesMedium

During a routine security audit, an organization discovers an unpatched server running an outdated operating system directly exposed to the internet. This server hosts non-critical but publicly accessible information. What does the unpatched server represent in the context of risk management?

  1. AVulnerability
  2. BThreat
  3. CImpact
  4. DLikelihood
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A. Vulnerability

An unpatched server with an outdated operating system is a weakness that could be exploited, which directly defines a vulnerability.

Why the other options are wrong

  • B. A threat is a potential cause of an unwanted incident, like a malicious actor or a natural disaster.
  • C. Impact is the result or damage caused by a security event.
  • D. Likelihood is the probability that a threat will exploit a vulnerability.

Vulnerability

A weakness or flaw in a system, design, or implementation that can be exploited by a threat.

  • Can be in software, hardware, or human processes.
  • Often exploited by threats to cause harm.
  • Patching and secure configurations mitigate vulnerabilities.

Memory trick: A THREAT exploits a VULNERABILITY, causing an IMPACT. Think of a storm (threat) hitting a weak roof (vulnerability) and causing water damage (impact).

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