GED Science TestEarth and Space ScienceEasy
A research team is monitoring atmospheric conditions in a specific region. They observe a significant increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide over several decades. Which of the following is the most direct and widespread consequence on Earth's climate system?
- ADecreased frequency of severe weather events.
- BAn increase in the Earth's average surface temperature.
- CEnhanced absorption of solar radiation by the atmosphere.
- DA reduction in the acidity of ocean waters.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. An increase in the Earth's average surface temperature.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. An increase in its atmospheric concentration enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in the Earth's average surface temperature, a phenomenon known as global warming.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Increased CO2 is linked to an increase, not decrease, in the intensity and frequency of some extreme weather events.
- C. CO2 primarily absorbs outgoing longwave radiation (heat from Earth), not incoming solar radiation (shortwave).
- D. Increased atmospheric CO2 leads to increased absorption by oceans, forming carbonic acid and decreasing ocean pH (acidification), not reducing acidity.
Greenhouse Effect
The process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, warming the planet's surface.
- Key greenhouse gases: CO2, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide.
- Absorb outgoing infrared radiation (heat).
- Essential for maintaining Earth's habitable temperature, but excess leads to global warming.
Memory trick: Carbon dioxide Climbs, Causing Climate Change.