ATI TEAS (Test of Essential Academic Skills) Version 7ScienceMedium
A patient is experiencing chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired calcium absorption. Blood tests reveal low levels of a hormone primarily responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Which endocrine gland is most likely dysfunctional?
- AParathyroid glands
- BAdrenal gland
- CPancreas
- DThyroid gland
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is the primary hormone regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Low levels of this hormone would lead to impaired calcium absorption and the associated symptoms.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, involved in stress response and metabolism, not calcium homeostasis.
- C. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar, not calcium.
- D. The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism and produces calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium, but PTH is the main regulator.
Parathyroid Glands
Small endocrine glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland, responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
- Typically four glands.
- Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- PTH increases blood calcium levels.
Memory trick: Para-thyroid is 'para-mount' for calcium control.