AWS Certified Welding Inspector — FundamentalsNondestructive Examination (NDE)Medium

A technician is performing an eddy current testing (ET) inspection on an aerospace component for surface cracks. The probe is a surface coil operating at a specific frequency. What fundamental principle governs the interaction between the eddy current probe and the conductive material to detect discontinuities?

  1. AThe disruption of induced eddy currents by material discontinuities.
  2. BThe reflection of sound waves from internal interfaces.
  3. CThe change in magnetic flux leakage around a discontinuity.
  4. DThe absorption of radiation by denser materials.
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A. The disruption of induced eddy currents by material discontinuities.

Eddy current testing operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. An alternating current in the probe coil generates a primary magnetic field, which induces eddy currents in the test material. Discontinuities or changes in material properties disrupt these eddy currents, causing a detectable change in the impedance of the probe coil.

Why the other options are wrong

  • B. This describes the principle of Ultrasonic Testing (UT).
  • C. This describes the principle of Magnetic Particle Testing (MT).
  • D. This describes the principle of Radiographic Testing (RT).

ET - Operating Principle

Eddy Current Testing (ET) detects discontinuities and material variations by measuring changes in the impedance of a probe coil as induced eddy currents in a conductive material are disrupted by flaws or property changes.

  • Based on electromagnetic induction.
  • Alternating current in probe induces eddy currents.
  • Discontinuities disrupt eddy current flow.
  • Disruption changes probe coil impedance.

Memory trick: Each NDE has its own physics trick.

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