MCAT® ExamBiological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsMedium
A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in their cells, particularly affecting the brain and adrenal glands. This accumulation is due to the impaired ability of cells to break down these fatty acids. Which organelle is most likely dysfunctional in this patient?
- AEndoplasmic Reticulum
- BLysosome
- CMitochondrion
- DPeroxisome
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. Peroxisome
Peroxisomes are responsible for the beta-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids. Their dysfunction leads to the accumulation of these fatty acids, as described in the patient's condition.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, and detoxification, not VLCFA breakdown.
- B. Lysosomes are primarily involved in the degradation of cellular waste and macromolecules, not typically VLCFAs.
- C. Mitochondria are involved in the beta-oxidation of shorter-chain fatty acids, but peroxisomes handle VLCFAs.
Peroxisome Function
Peroxisomes are organelles involved in various metabolic processes, including the beta-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids.
- Contain oxidative enzymes.
- Break down VLCFAs.
- Involved in detoxification.
Memory trick: Peroxisomes Process Problematic Fats