Digital SATReading and Writing: Information and IdeasEasy
A team of neuroscientists is studying the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function. Their research involves monitoring brain activity and performance on various tasks after different durations of sleep. One study participant, after 24 hours without sleep, showed significantly reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex and scored 30% lower on a complex problem-solving task compared to their baseline. Another participant, after 12 hours without sleep, exhibited only a 5% decrease in task performance and a minor reduction in prefrontal cortex activity. Based on this information, which of the following can be most reasonably inferred?
- AThe severity of cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation is directly related to the duration of sleep loss.
- BComplex problem-solving tasks are the most sensitive indicators of sleep deprivation.
- CAll individuals experience the same degree of cognitive decline after 24 hours of sleep deprivation.
- DThe prefrontal cortex is the only brain region affected by sleep deprivation.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. The severity of cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation is directly related to the duration of sleep loss.
The information provided shows a clear correlation: longer sleep deprivation (24 hours) led to greater prefrontal cortex reduction and higher task performance decrease, while shorter deprivation (12 hours) led to less severe effects. This supports the inference that severity of impairment is related to duration of sleep loss.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. While complex problem-solving was used, the text does not compare its sensitivity to other potential indicators.
- C. Only two participants are mentioned, not a generalization about 'all individuals,' and their responses, while different in duration of sleep loss, don't allow for this conclusion.
- D. The text does not state that the prefrontal cortex is the *only* region affected; it only highlights its involvement.
Drawing Inferences from Data
To draw an inference from data means to conclude something not explicitly stated but strongly suggested by the evidence provided. It involves interpreting patterns and relationships within the given information.
- Look for patterns or correlations in the data.
- Avoid making assumptions not supported by the text.
- Distinguish between what is stated and what is implied.
Memory trick: Data Patterns Point to Plausible Conclusions.