ACT (Enhanced)ReadingEasy
An environmental scientist presents data on local water quality: "Our recent sampling indicates a consistent increase in nitrate levels in Riverbend Creek, exceeding safe limits for aquatic life. This rise correlates directly with the increased use of agricultural fertilizers in the upstream farmlands over the past five years. If these trends continue unchecked, we anticipate a significant decline in fish populations and a proliferation of harmful algal blooms within the next decade." Which of the following statements represents the scientist's primary conclusion?
- AAgricultural fertilizers are the sole cause of all water pollution.
- BNitrate levels in Riverbend Creek have always been unsafe.
- CMore data is needed to establish a link between fertilizers and water quality.
- DIncreased fertilizer use is causing declining water quality and harming aquatic ecosystems.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: D. Increased fertilizer use is causing declining water quality and harming aquatic ecosystems.
The scientist states that the rise in nitrate levels 'correlates directly with the increased use of agricultural fertilizers' and that 'if these trends continue unchecked, we anticipate a significant decline in fish populations and a proliferation of harmful algal blooms.' This directly links fertilizer use to negative water quality and ecosystem impacts.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The statement focuses on nitrate levels in Riverbend Creek and agricultural fertilizers, not 'all water pollution.'
- B. The statement indicates a 'consistent increase' in nitrate levels, implying they were not always unsafe.
- C. The scientist states a direct correlation and anticipates future harm, indicating a link *has* been established, not that more data is needed for it.
Primary Conclusion
The main judgment, decision, or summary reached by an author after considering all the evidence, facts, and reasoning presented in a text.
- Often presented at the end of an argument.
- Synthesizes key findings.
- Should be directly supported by the text's evidence.
Memory trick: The Conclusion is the Finish Line of the Argument.