ACT (Enhanced)ReadingEasy
A historical essay discusses the economic impact of the Industrial Revolution, stating: "The advent of steam power dramatically increased manufacturing output, leading to unprecedented wealth accumulation for factory owners. Concurrently, the burgeoning urban centers, fueled by rural migration, faced severe overcrowding and sanitation crises, creating stark social inequalities that persisted for decades." Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's central claim regarding the Industrial Revolution?
- AThe Industrial Revolution led to both economic prosperity and significant social problems.
- BRural migration was the primary driver of urban sanitation crises.
- CFactory owners were the only beneficiaries of increased wealth.
- DSteam power was the sole cause of increased manufacturing output.
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. The Industrial Revolution led to both economic prosperity and significant social problems.
The passage clearly outlines two main effects: 'unprecedented wealth accumulation' (economic prosperity) and 'severe overcrowding and sanitation crises, creating stark social inequalities' (social problems). Option B accurately combines these two aspects.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. While rural migration 'fueled' urban centers, the passage attributes sanitation crises to the 'burgeoning urban centers' generally, not solely to migration.
- C. The passage mentions 'unprecedented wealth accumulation for factory owners' but does not explicitly state they were the *only* beneficiaries, nor is that the central claim.
- D. The passage states steam power 'dramatically increased' output, not that it was the 'sole cause'.
Central Claim
The main argument, assertion, or point that an author is trying to convey or prove in a text.
- Often found in thesis statements.
- Supported by evidence and reasoning.
- Summarizes the author's overarching message.
Memory trick: Find the Main Idea, the Big Takeaway.