MCAT® ExamBiological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsEasy
A client presents with symptoms including excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal high blood glucose levels. The physician suspects a deficiency in insulin production. Which of the following cell types in the pancreas would be primarily affected in this condition?
- AAlpha cells
- BDelta cells
- CBeta cells
- DF cells
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Beta cells
Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary role is to lower blood glucose levels. A deficiency in insulin production, as suggested by the symptoms and high blood glucose, points directly to a problem with beta cells.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Alpha cells produce glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
- B. Delta cells produce somatostatin, which inhibits the secretion of several hormones, including insulin and glucagon.
- D. F cells (or PP cells) produce pancreatic polypeptide, which regulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gut motility.
Pancreatic Islet Cells
Clusters of endocrine cells within the pancreas that produce and secrete hormones vital for glucose regulation.
- Alpha cells: glucagon.
- Beta cells: insulin.
- Delta cells: somatostatin.
- F cells: pancreatic polypeptide.
Memory trick: Alpha for A-rising, Beta for B-lowering.