NIC Esthetician Written ExamScientific ConceptsHard
A client is experiencing persistent redness and discomfort on their face after using a new skincare product. The esthetician suspects an allergic reaction or irritation. They explain that the skin's immune response involves specialized cells that present antigens to T-cells, initiating an immune cascade. Which epidermal immune cell plays this crucial role in initiating adaptive immune responses in the skin?
- ALangerhans cells
- BMerkel cells
- CMelanocytes
- DKeratinocytes
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: A. Langerhans cells
Langerhans cells are specialized dendritic cells found in the epidermis. Their primary function is to capture and process antigens, then migrate to lymph nodes to present these antigens to T-cells, initiating an adaptive immune response, as seen in allergic reactions.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors involved in touch sensation.
- C. Melanocytes produce melanin for pigmentation.
- D. Keratinocytes form the structural barrier of the epidermis and can release cytokines, but are not primary antigen-presenting cells to T-cells.
Langerhans Cells
Dendritic immune cells found in the epidermis that capture and process antigens, then migrate to lymph nodes to present them to T-cells, initiating adaptive immune responses in the skin.
- Epidermal immune cells
- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
- Initiate adaptive immune responses
- Involved in allergic reactions
Memory trick: Langerhans are the 'Lancers' of the skin's immune army, presenting threats.