NIC Esthetician Written ExamScientific ConceptsHard
A client is seeking treatment for significant sun damage, including deep wrinkles and hyperpigmentation. The esthetician explains that these visible signs are largely due to the degradation of specific components within the dermis. Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for breaking down collagen and elastin fibers in response to UV exposure and inflammation?
- ALipase
- BHyaluronidase
- CMatrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
- DTyrosinase
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: C. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix, including collagen and elastin. Their activity is significantly increased by UV radiation and inflammation, contributing to photoaging.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Lipase breaks down lipids (fats), not structural proteins like collagen and elastin.
- B. Hyaluronidase breaks down hyaluronic acid, not collagen or elastin.
- D. Tyrosinase is an enzyme involved in melanin production, contributing to hyperpigmentation, but not direct degradation of collagen/elastin.
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
A family of zinc-dependent enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin, playing a role in tissue remodeling and degradation in conditions like photoaging.
- Activity is increased by UV radiation, inflammation, and aging.
- Contribute to wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and impaired wound healing.
- Target for anti-aging skincare ingredients.
Memory trick: MMPs cut up skin's support, especially in the sun.