California Cosmetology Written ExamHaircoloringMedium
A client returns to the salon two days after a permanent tint application complaining of intense itching, redness, and swelling around the hairline and scalp. What condition should the cosmetologist suspect, and what ingredient is most commonly responsible?
- AContact dermatitis caused by sulfates in the shampoo
- BAn allergic reaction to para-phenylenediamine (PPD), an aniline derivative found in permanent tints
- CNormal scalp sensitivity that resolves without referral
- DChemical burn caused by excessive hydrogen peroxide volume
Show answer & explanationAnswer & explanation
Correct answer: B. An allergic reaction to para-phenylenediamine (PPD), an aniline derivative found in permanent tints
Symptoms of itching, redness, and swelling appearing after tint application are classic signs of an allergic reaction to para-phenylenediamine (PPD), the aniline derivative dye commonly used in permanent hair color; this is exactly why a predisposition (patch) test is required before every application.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Sulfates in shampoo are unrelated to tint application timing and symptoms
- C. These symptoms are not normal and require the client to see a physician, not be dismissed
- D. Chemical burns typically present as pain and lesions at time of service, not delayed allergic swelling
PPD Allergic Reaction
An allergic response to para-phenylenediamine, an aniline derivative dye in permanent tints, causing itching, redness, and swelling.
- Reason patch tests are required 24-48 hours before tinting
- Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, sometimes blistering
- Client should be referred to a physician and never tinted again with aniline derivative products
Memory trick: PPD = 'Painful, Puffy, Distressed' skin reaction